Ch.7 · Total Expense Ratio Limits · hard

What is the 'arbitrage' mechanism that keeps ETF prices close to NAV?

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EXPLANATION

Authorized Participants (APs) — typically large institutional investors or market makers — maintain ETF price efficiency. If ETF trades at a discount to NAV: APs buy cheap ETF units on exchange and redeem directly with AMC at NAV (profit = discount). If at a premium: APs create new units by delivering underlying securities to AMC and sell on exchange at premium. This arbitrage keeps ETF prices close to NAV.

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